![]() ![]() Most needed no added ventilation holes, as there was a natural gap where the visor or front of the helmet overlapped the bevor near the wearer's mouth. German sallets were often worn with a separate scoop-shaped plate gorget, called a bevor, that extended from the upper chest to just below the nose and protected the wearer's lower face and throat. Other versions retained the same outline, but the upper face was protected by a movable half-visor. The front of these helmets sometimes extended down to cover the upper face, with eye-slits provided for vision. One characteristic that distinguishes early German sallets from later German sallets up to c.1495, is the length of the helmet tail, which became more pronounced over time. It was round-skulled but was less smoothly curving than the Italian sallet its most obvious feature was that the rear of the helmet was drawn out into a long tail, sometimes consisting of a number of lames. In the period 1450–1460, a distinctive German style of sallet appeared. ![]() Some Italian-style sallets were provided with a covering of rich cloth, usually velvet, which was edged in silver-gilt, gilded brass or copper ornamental decoration in the same metals could be added to the surface of the helmet, allowing areas of cloth to show through. Such helmets would have been worn with a stiffened mail collar, termed a " standard," which protected the throat and neck. For more heavily armoured troops, a greater level of protection could be afforded by the attachment of a plate reinforcer for the brow of the helmet and a deep visor, usually of the 'bellows' form which incorporated many ventilation slits. ![]() In this simple state they were favoured by more lightly armed troops, especially archers and crossbowmen, whose uninterrupted vision was at a premium. 1460) lost their integral face protection and became open-faced helmets with gracefully curved surfaces. The German sallet may have been the product of the melding of influences from the Italian sallet and the deep-skulled "German war-hat," a type of brimmed chapel de fer helmet. However, though a sallet, or complete armour, might be German in style, it could have been of Italian manufacture, or vice versa. Regional styles developed, which were catered for by the great armour manufacturing centres of northern Italy (especially Milan) and southern Germany ( Augsburg and Nuremberg). The sallet became popular in France, England and the Netherlands through contact with Italy and eventually was adopted in Germany. Later developments and regional variations A German sallet with bevor, c. The latter development was most pronounced in the barbute or barbuta, a variation of the sallet that adopted elements of Classical Corinthian helmets. To protect the face and neck, left exposed by abandonment of the visor and aventail, the rear was curved out into a flange to protect the neck, and the sides of the helmet were drawn forward below the level of the eyes to protect the cheeks. In essence, the earliest sallets were a variant of the bascinet, intended to be worn without an aventail or visor. The origin of the sallet seems to have been in Italy, where the term celata is first recorded in an inventory of the arms and armour of the Gonzaga family dated to 1407. In Italy, France and England the armet helmet was also popular, but in Germany the sallet became almost universal. The sallet (also called celata, salade and schaller) was a combat helmet that replaced the bascinet in Italy, western and northern Europe and Hungary during the mid-15th century. 1460, covered with velvet and decorated with repoussé gilt copper edging and crest War helmet Light Italian celata (sallet) c. ![]()
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